Kaplan recounts the “Aversion Project,” a clandestine military programme during apartheid in which psychiatrist Aubrey Levin subjected gay conscripts to electric-shock aversion therapy, chemical castration and forced gender-affirming surgery in an attempt to “cure” homosexuality. The project involved gross human rights abuses against hundreds of conscripts and later prompted an official apology from the South African Medical Association for medical complicity【718441967423881†L147-L168】.
